Telegraphy.



PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907 I. KITSEB.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPIrIOATION FILED JUNE 13 1906.

amvemtoz wibhaooeo- 1 W @m-M 6 M 51? away ISlDORKlTSEE, or PHILADELPHl'A, PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 12, 1907.

7 Application filed June 18.1906. Serial No. 322.330.

' .To all whom it may cancer;

Be it known that I, Isrnon KrTsEE, a citizen oi the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented new an useful Improvements in 'llelegraphy, ofwhich, the following is a specification.

My invention relates to telegraphy, and more especially to sub-marine and cable telegraphy or telegraphy over circuits in which the disturbing e'liec't oi electric capacity is great.

My inyention relates particularly to the apparatus at the receiving end oi such a cabl or line, and resides in apparatus for relaying or translating into intelligible characters true reversals or current impressed upon the circuit at the transmittingstation.

It has been common practice in submarine telegraphy to employ a double key, whereby positive or negative impulses may be impressed upon the line at will. In such a system a dot is represented by an impulse of one polarity-say, a negative impulse and a dash by an impulse of opposite polarity-say, a positive impulse. In suchprac-tice, owever, it is found that such letters as A N (Continental Morse) can be transmitted at relatively great speed and recorded plainly and distinctly, because i these letters dots 'and dashes alternate with each other, and

therefore a negative impulse always follows a positive one, or vice versa. Thus; one im pulse clears the line for the next succeeding impulse oi" opposite polarity. in the transmission o'i letters, such as H M O, &c., the speed is lower, in order to allow the cable to discharge itseli, and the received record is indistinct and requires expert training to deciphcr it, for the reason that two or moredots or two or .more dashes follow each other, nm-cssitating two or more successive impulses oithe same polarity.

ll. is the object or my invention to overcome these disadvantages and to make it possible to translate what lv call true revcrsals-that is, impulses of substantially the same duration and. intensity-successive impulses being of opposite polarity, andto. relay or translate such impulses into intelligible records or messages;

it is the further object of my invention to so devise 'or arrange the receiving devices with the relay-circuit that the very feeble currents transmitted over the line or cable may be caused to operate the translating or i l l l l l l l l i l strength to hold the relaying tions. I

It has been found in transmitting over a cable from Penza'nce, England, to Canso, Nova Scotia, that while such letters as "ll" device under the mosl trying condiand 0 required a certain length of time and were recorded by the siphon-recorder in uneven curves hardly distinguishable that when true reversals were transmitted much' higher speed resulted, and thcrecordcr curves were uniform in dimensions and clearly dis-' tinguishable from each other. It was also found that while the zero position of the instrument shifted when employing the old.

method no shifting'oi' the zero \vasascertainable when true reversals were transmitted.

1n telegraphing over submarine cables or the like the insertion oi a condcnscr in the circuit at the transmitting station near the source of current.- is found to be of great advantage; but when it is attempted to relay the impulses impressed upon the line through such condenser it is found that the impulses are of" such a short duration that the making or completion oi a circuit through. the contact parts oi the receiving device, having a Zero position, is not always productive ol' good results. The reason to? this lies in the fact that an impulse due to the chargc oi thc condenser is capable of moving the arms-- ture or other movable part oi the receiver away from its zero position; but such impulse is not of long enough duration and moving contact partwith su'llicicnt power and sullhricntly long against the stationary contact toproperlv control the electromagnetic means local circuit controlled by those contacts. To overcome this diiliculty, l have recourse to an arrangement hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing l have illustrated diagrammatically the preferred form of my arrangement and l have made use of thc well-know siphon-rccofiilcc con struction as a-polarizcd relay or rcfciving dc vice; It is to;be understood, however, that other receiving devices may be substituted, and that in place oi the sounder any suitable recorder instrument may be employed.

' It is the practice to connect the receiving device, such as a siphon-recorder or other electromagnetic device directly to the tableau line. Since I make use of impulses of alternate polarity and of an arrangement in which the movable part of the receiymg. device can in the move in one, direction only, (prevented from moving in opposite direction by a stationary impulses of both polarities by breaking the contact of the receiving or relay device. 7 To this end it is necessary to connect between the hue and the receiving device or relay an intermediate device adapted to change the I wil connection of the receiving device in its relation to the line or cable. Ihave here illustrated such intermediate device as a commutator serving as a pole-changer and operated by a stepby-step mechanism, and I have also connected the signal-translating instrument, such as a sounder, to a second commutator operated by the same step-by-step mechanism.

Referring to the drawings, Figure '1 is a diagrammatic view of receiving apparatus as cooperating with and controlledby a commutating device, and Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the step-bystep mechanism. In said drawing, 1 and 36 represent the line or cable to which the receiving apparatus is connected. The conductor 1 is connected with the brush 2, while the conductor 36 is connected with the brush 5. A coil 7, such a as a siphon-recorder coil, isxsuspended in an intense magnetic field in the manner well known in siphon-recorders ries the contact part or tongue 9 normally bearing against the stationary contact 10. One terminal of the coil 7 is connected through conductorfi with the brush 3' and the other terminal through the conductor 8 with thebrush 4.

The commutating device is cylindrical in form and comprises the ring portions 18 and 21, having [)I'OJGCiJiOIlS extending toward each other, and comprises also the short contactbars 19 and 20, which are cross connected, as shown at 35, so thatthe brushes 3 and 4 are alternately brought intoelectrical communication with the conducting rings 18 and 21,.

andtherefore with the,brushes 5 and 2, which bear upon them. 7 T

An electromagnet 15 has its winding con nected in circuit with a source of current, such as battery 14. The armature 16, normally held retracted by spring 38, carries pawl-like'projections which engage the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 17 When the electromagnet 15 is energized, the armature 16 will be ulled toward the core of said magnet and accordingly-move the ratchet wheel through that part of the revolution represented by one tooth, and when the magnet is eration.

The coil 7 car-,

denergized it pulls the armature away from the core of the electromagnet '15 and the armatureis then in readiness for the next op- Such step-by-step mechanism is well known and understood in the electrical arts. Connection is also made from'battery 14 through conductor 11 with the tongue or. movable part 9 of the polarized relay or receiving device, and by means of conductor 12 it is connected with the stationary contact 10. A resistance 13 is vconnected 1n this lasttraced' circuit in order that the battery 14 shall not be completely short circuited through the conductors 11 and 12 andthe contacts 9 and 10. g

r The signal-translating instrument is here shown as a well-known sounder comprising the electromagnet 32, the armature-lever 34 v carrying the armature 33, the spring 30 serving to hold the armature-lever in retracted position. 40 and 41 are the adjustable front and back stops. The winding of the magnet 32 is connected in circuit with the.conductors 28 and 29, a source of current 31,-and the brushes 25 and26. The brush 25 bears upon the metallic ring 22 of a commutating device employed with the previously-described commutator and operated by the same step-by step mechanism. Portions of insulating materlal 24 alternate with tongues or segments 23 of the ring 22. The brush 26 therefore is alternately in contact with one of the segments 23 or with the insulating-segments 24.

The operation is as follows: When the parts are at rest and in normal position that is, when no impulse is flowing from the too cable or linethe brush 26 is in contact with one or the other of the insulating parts 24 of the second commutator. The circuit of the electromagnet 32 is, accordingly open, andthe armature lever 34 is in retracted posist'ep mechanism operates, the ratchet-wheel is moved through the angular distance corresponding with the width of one tooth, and t 1 e commutator is brought to such position that the brush 26 will be in contact with the one or the other of the conducting bars or'segments 23. This will close the circuit of the magnet 32 and the armature-lever 34will be attracted and held so attracted until after the next operation of the step-by-step mechanism when the brush 26 has left the con- 1 ducting-bar and rests on an insulating-bar 24.

It is well known that a polarized magnetic device, such as a siphon-recorder, is provided with means fordetermining a zero osition. Such means usually comprises smal weights or a very weak spring, the coil being centered in the field of powerful magnets. If with the parts in this centralized position a stationary contact isprovided and so placed as 'to be in connection with the contacting arm or tongue secured to the moving coil, the adjustment can be made such that the tion, as shown in Fig. 1'.' When the step-by- ,justcd in ,proper contact with broken, and the winding of'the electromagnet 15 bcmgno longer shunted'by a rela speed of signaling is iiia-terially increased, due To to rapid line clearing. At the transmitting- I station'the successive impulses are of alternate polarity, and the time interval between successive impulses determines the character 'to be transmitted that is, a dot or a dash.

By this system the successive impulses are of opposite polariti es'-that is, an impulse of" stationary and movable contacts are nor-i, mally in": good electrical .connection this end the stationary contact may be adamanner commonlypracticed in this art; Such is the preferred construction of the siplion-recorder type of relay or receiving device herein shown and described. hen the contact arm or tongue- 9 is in the stationary contact one polarity s always followed by an im- 10, acircuit is formed throughthe conductors ';pulse of an opposite polarityi- Further- 11 and 1.2 and the resistance 13f The magmore. only a single impulse of one polarity is nitude of the resistance 13 is'inuch smaller employed to transmit a symbol or character, than the resistance of the winding of the elcctromagnet 15. The current. in dividing between the. winding 15 and the circuit con raining the resistance 13'will {low for the greater part through the circuit containing the resistance 13 and the contacts 9 and 10, and the amount of current lowing through the elcctromagnet- 15 is insutlicient to over-i come the spring 38, and in e'ii'ect, therefore, llaving now described my invention, what the elcctromagnet 15 remains deenergized. l claim new, and desire to secure by Let- When the tongue. 9 moves away from the 'ters Patent of the United States, is contact 10, however, the circuit through the I 1. In a telegraph system, the combination conductors 11 and 12 and the resistance 13 with a line-circuit, of a polarized receiving device, a local circuit controlled thereby, means included in said circuit for reversing the connections of said receiving device with, respect to the line-circuit after each received impulse, a signal-trz'mslating instrument, a circuit including said. translating instrument, and means for changing the condition of said. circuit after each received impulse.

2. In a telegrapl'i system, the combination with a line-circuit, 01" a polarized receiving device associated therenith, a local circuit 'controlled by'said receiving device, and means included in said local circuit for reversing the connections of said receiver with respect to sait line-circuit upon the receipt 2 of each line impulse.

in a telegraphsystem,the-combination with aline circuit, of a polarized receiving ,1 J device, a conn'nntator intervening between serving the double purpose of clearing the line and determining the time length of the character. Consequently the time elapsin between the symbol or character impulse anc i character the operator wishes to transmitthat i whether adot or a dash.

l I i tivcl y lowrcsista-nce path the armature 16 is attracted and the commutators operated. l Solong 'as no impulse is received from the I line or cable 1 36, the contact between 9 and l 10 continues, and therefore the lcctroma-gnet i 15 remains deenergized. Suppose the operator at the distant end of the cable or line 1 impresses an impulse of one pol-arity-say,a 1 7 to be i connected in such manner that such positive 1 impulse will'move it in a. direction to break the contact between 9 and 10. The instant i such contact is broken the step-by-step i mechanism moves the commutator through an ai'igle corresponding with one tooth of the 1 ratchet-wheel. The brush 4, which was i formerly in comn'iunication with a bar or K segment through brush 5, will then 'be sai'd line-circuit and said receiving device, a brought into con'mnmication with a bar or local circuit controlled by said receiving de l vice, and n'ieans included in said local circuit 1 for actuating said comniutating device, whereby the relation of said receiving device to said line-circuit is reversed after the receipt oi each line impulse.

4. in a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit, of a receiving device associatcd therewith, means for normally holding said receiving device in zero-position, a

segment connected with the brush 2, and the brush 3, which formerly was incommunication with a bar or segment connected to 2, brush '2, then comes into comn'nmicat ion with a bar or segment connected witlrbrush In other words, the terminals of the coil 7 have become reversed with respect to the line-ten minals. ill now a negative impulse comes over the cable or line, the mm'cment of the coil 7 will be in a direction the same as bel'or'e local circuit controlled by said receiving and will break contact at f) and it). This for 1 rice and normally closed t-hereb and means the reason that the impulse is in opposite di-f included insaid'local circuit for altering the rection, but the current through the coil is in L coi'inection of said receiving device with rethe same direction, because it has had its terlation to the lii'ic-circuitfor each movement. minals reversed. This operation is repeated I oi the movable part of said receiving device. for each impulse, so that for each impulse .In a telegraph system, the combination transmitted over the. line or cable the contact 1 with alin \-circuit, of a receiving device assois broken at 9 and 10; but these successive ciated therewith, meansfor changing the re impulses being of opposite polarities the i lation of said receiving device with respect to the clearing impulse determines the kind-of the succeeding impulse of opposite polarity polarized receiving device responds similarl and means for controlling said second circuit trans ating instrument, a second local air ciated with said larity. 35

said line-circuit after each received im ulse, and a signal-translating instrument inc uded in a loca circuit and controlled by said changing means.

6. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circut, of a receiving device, a polechanger intermediate said line-circuit and rece ving device, a l cal circuit controlled by said receivingdevice, means in said circuit for o erating said pole-changer, a signalcuit containing the same, and means assoole-changer for controlling said second local circuit.

7. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit, of a olarized receiving device associated therewith, a pole-changer intermediate said line-circuit and said re ceiving device, means responsive toeach impulse to shift said pole-changer, whereby said 29 alternate line impulses of difi'erent polariies.

8. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit having relatively great capacit of a polarized receiving device associate therewith, a pole-changer intervening between said line-circuit and said re-' ceiving device, means controlled by said receiving device for actuating said pole; changer upon the receipt of eachline im' pulse, whereby said receiving device responds to succeeding line impulses of alternate po- 9. Ina telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit having relatively great capacity, of a receiving device associated therewith, a pole-changer intervening between said line-circuit and said receiving device, and means controlled by said receiving device for actuating said ole changer, whereby said receiving device has its connec-' tions automatically changed to respond alike to succeeding impulses of alternate polarity.

10. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit having relatively great capacity, of a polarized receiving device associated therewith, a pole-changer intervening between said line-circuit and said receiving device, a local circuit controlled by said receiving device and containing means for operating said pole-changer, a second circuit including a signal-translating instrument,

simultaneously with the movement of said pole-changer.

1 1. In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit having relatively great capacity, of a polarized receiving device associated therewith, a pole-changing commutator intervening between said line circuit.

and said receiving device, a local circuit controlled by said receiving device and including means for actuating said commutator, a signal-translating instrument, a. second local circuit controlling the same, and means operated simultaneously with said commutator for controlling said second local circuit.

12.' In a telegraph system, the combination with a line-circuit having relatively great -capacity, of a polarized relay associated therewith, the movahlemember of said relay comprising a. coil adapted to be traversed by line impulses, a pole-changer for reversing said coil with respect to the line-circuit, a circuit controlled by said coil including means for actuating said pole changer, whereb said relay responds similarly to succ'eedir g line im ulses of alternate polarity.

13. n a telegraph system, thecombinationi with a line-circuit, of a polarized electromagnetic receiving instrument, and means for au- 'tomatically reversing the connections of said strument, means intervening between said line-circuit and said polarized receiving instrument for reversing the connections of said receiving instrument with respect to said line-circuit, said reversing means being controlled by each line impulse, whereby said receiving instrument will respond simi larly to successive line impulses of alternate polarities. v 3 16. The -combination with a telegraph hnecircuit, oi a polarized receiver associated therewith, and means for sending successive line impulses through said receiver in the same direction, whereby successive line in1- pulses of opposite polarities actuate said re ceiver in the same direction.

17. The combination with a telegraph linecircuit carrying successive impulses of opposite polarities, of 'a polarized receiver, and means for sending the line impulses through said receiver always in the same direction.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM F. HALL, S. A. CoaNwn L.

IIO 

